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Infect. Immun. doi:10.1128/IAI.00745-08
Copyright (c) 2008, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

Modulation of Acute Diarrheal Illness by Persistent Bacterial Infection

Department of Biological Engineering, and Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: schauer{at}mit.edu.

	Abstract

Acute diarrheal illness is a global health problem that may be exacerbated by concurrent infection. Using Citrobacter rodentium, a murine model of attaching and effacing diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, we demonstrate that persistent Helicobacter hepaticus infection modulates host responses to diarrheal disease resulting in delayed recovery from weight loss and from tissue damage. Chronic colitis in concurrently infected mice is characterized by macrophage and Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cell accumulation. Prolonged disease is also associated with increased IL-17 expression, which may be due to suppression of IFN- during the acute phase of diarrheal infection. This new model of polymicrobial infection provides insight into the mechanism by which subclinical infection can exacerbate morbidity due to an unrelated self-limiting infection.